Figure 1

Induction of Dlx-2 during metabolic stress-induced necrosis. (A, B) A549 cells were pretreated with PMA and treated with GD for 18 h, and then stained with HO/PI (A), and apoptotic and necrotic cells were scored (B). (C, D) A549 cells were pretreated with PMA and treated with GD for 12 h and microarray analysis was performed. The numbers mean fold increase in expression as compared with GD-untreated control cells (C). The cells were analyzed using Western blotting (D). (E) Different types of cells were pretreated with NAC and treated with GD for 12 h, and then analyzed by real-time PCR for Dlx-2 expression. (F) Cells were treated with GD and then analyzed using Western blotting. (G) MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with GD, and then analyzed by real-time PCR for Dlx-2 expression. (H) Cells were pretreated with NAC and treated with GD for 12 h, and then analyzed using Western blotting. (I, J) MCF-7 cells were treated with H₂O₂ and menadione for 48 h, and then analyzed by real-time PCR (I) and Western blotting for Dlx-2 expression (J). The values obtained from HO/PI staining and real-time PCR are expressed as mean ± SE (n = 3). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus control; ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01 versus GD-treated cells. Arrow shown in panels D, F, H, and J, a putative modified form of Dlx-2.