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Table 1 Comparison of function of HPV E5 proteins with BPV E5 proteins.

From: Papillomavirus E5: the smallest oncoprotein with many functions

E5

LR HPV-6

HR HPV-16

BPV-1

BPV-4

FF

n.e.

-

+

+

SI

n.e.

+

+

+

AI

+

+

+

+

Koilocytosis

+

+

n.e.

n.e.

PDGFβR activation

n.e.

-

+

n.e.

EGF-R activation

+

+

+

n.e.

V-ATPase binding

+

+

+

+

Gap-j inhibition

n.e.

+

+

+

PI3-K activation

n.e.

+

+

n.e.

c-Src activation

-

-

+

+

Cyclin-cdk2 activation

n.e.

+

+

++

MHC I down-regulation

+

+

+

+

KNβ3 binding

n.e.

+

n.e.

n.e.

TRAIL pathway inhibition

n.e.

+

n.e.

n.e.

MAPK activation

+

+

-

n.e.

ETA activation

n.e.

+

n.e.

n.e.

PGE2 R expression

n.e.

+

n.e.

n.e.

Cellular zinc imbalance

n.e.

+

n.e.

n.e.

ER Stress pathway inhibition

-

+

n.e.

n.e.

Cellular fusion

-

+

n.e.

n.e.

P21 inibition

+

+

n.e.

n.e.

  1. FF: focus formation; SI: serum independence; AI: anchorage independence. +: presence of function; -: absence of function; n.e.: not established.