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Figure 3 | Molecular Cancer

Figure 3

From: Role of tissue transglutaminase 2 in the acquisition of a mesenchymal-like phenotype in highly invasive A431 tumor cells

Figure 3

Positive association of PI3K/Akt-GSK-3β signaling activation with the EMT phenotype in A431-P and A431-III cells. (A) Cells were treated with 40 nM of control or specific TG2 siRNA. Cellular activity of Akt and GSK-3β were determined by analyzing their phosphorylation status using immunoblotting. (B-D) Cells were treated with 20 μM Akt inhibitor LY294002 for 24 h. (B) The cellular protein and RNA levels of Snail were respectively determined by immunoblotting and RT-PCR. (C) The secreted activity of MMP-9 was measured using gelatin zymography. (D) Cell migratory activity was determined by wound healing assay. Quantitative data are presented as the mean (± SD) percentage of migration distance (n = 20). * indicates a significant difference compared with the respective control (p < 0.05). # indicates a significant difference compared with the A431-P (p < 0.05).

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