Figure 2From: Nicotine, IFN-γ and retinoic acid mediated induction of MUC4 in pancreatic cancer requires E2F1 and STAT-1 transcription factors and utilize different signaling cascadesIFN-γ and (RA) co-operate with nicotine to induce the MUC4 promoter. Real time-PCR showing the expression of MUC4 in CD18/HPAF (A), ASPC-1 (B), SW1990 (C) and CAPAN-2 (D) treated with nicotine, IFN-γ, IFN-γ in combination with nicotine, RA and RA in combination with nicotine. The upregulation of MUC4 upon stimulation was significant in pancreatic cancer cells treated with nicotine, IFN-γ, IFN-γ, RA or combinations (*p ≤ 0.01, **p ≤ 0.03). The results shown are the average of three separate experiments.Back to article page