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Figure 1 | Molecular Cancer

Figure 1

From: Tylophorine, a phenanthraindolizidine alkaloid isolated from Tylophora indica exerts antiangiogenic and antitumor activity by targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2–mediated angiogenesis

Figure 1

Effect of tylophorine on cell proliferation in HUVECs. (A) Chemical structure (B) Under normal culture condition. HUVECs were cultured in ECGM containing 20% FBS, then cells (5 × 104 cells/well) were treated with DMSO (0.1%) or various concentrations of tylophorine for 24, 48 and 72 h. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Cells receiving only DMSO (0.1%) served as a vehicle control. Data were expressed as percentages of the vehicle control (100%) as mean ± SEM, n = 6 wells. **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 versus control group. (C) Under VEGF-stimulated condition HUVECs (5 × 104 cells/well) were starved with ECGM supplemented with 0.5% FBS for 24 h, and then treated with or without VEGF (10 ng/mL) and DMSO (0.1%) or various concentrations of tylophorine for another 24 and 48 h. Data were expressed as percentages of the vehicle control (100%) as mean ± SEM, n = 6 wells. (D) Effects of tylophorine on DNA synthesis was examined by BrdU cell proliferation enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Data were expressed as percentages of the vehicle control (100%) as mean ± SEM, n = 6 wells. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 versus control group. (E) Tylophorine administration did not result in LDH release from endothelial cells as studied with LDH cytotoxicity assay kit indicating that tylophorine posed little cytotoxicity effects upon HUVECs. Data were expressed as percentages of the vehicle control (100%) as mean ± SEM, n = 6 wells.

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