Figure 6

Effect of tylophorine on sponge implant angiogenesis assay in vivo. Sterile circular sponge discs were inserted subcutaneously into male Swiss albino mice and treated with tylophorine for 14 days. Mice were sacrificed and sponge was excised, (A) weighed and (B) photographed. Data were presented as means ± SEM, n = 10. **p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001 versus control group. (C) Excised sponge was homogenized in Drabkin Reagent to quantify the hemoglobin level. The content of hemoglobin in each implant is expressed as g/dl/per wet tissue. Data were presented as means ± SEM, n = 10. ***p < 0.001 versus control group. (D) Representative histological sections (5 μm, stained with H & E) of sponge implants. The pores of the sponge matrix are filled with inflammatory cells, spindle-shaped fibroblasts, blood vessels. In the control group fibrovascular tissue is denser and more vascularized compared with the tylophorine -treated groups at the doses of 7.5 and 15 mg/kg, Arrows shows the blood vessels in control group. s: sponge: Scale bar: 100 μm. (E) Immunohistochemical staining of sponge with CD31. Sections from the sponge tissue that were either untreated or -treated were incubated with anti-CD31 overnight at 4°C and stained with ABC-reagent according to the manufacturers protocol. Scale bar: 100 μm. (F) Effects of tylophorine on microvessel density (MVD) in sponge implants. Effect of tylophorine on cytokine levels (G) VEGF (H) TNF-α (I) TGF-β. Data were presented as means ± SEM, n = 10. **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 versus control group.