Figure 8

A schematic overview presenting the role of RasGRP3 in mediating the Ras signaling pathways in breast carcinoma cells. The signaling of growth factors (such as IGF-I and EGF) through downstream signaling molecules to ERα is mediated by RasGRP3. Inhibition of the Ras signaling pathway at the RasGRP3 level bears the potential to suppress downstream activation and ligand independent activation of ERα resulting in a decreased proliferation and chemotherapeutic resistance. Abbreviations: IGFR: insulin-like growth factor-I receptor; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; HER-2: Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2; IGF-I: insulin-like growth factor-I; EGF: epidermal growth factor; PLC: phospholipase C; DAG: diacylglycerol; C1: C1 domain; RasGRP3: Ras guanil nucleotid releasing protein 3; GTP: guanosine triphosphate; Ras: H-Ras or R-Ras; Raf: raf kinase; MEK and ERK 1/2: mitogen-activated protein kinases; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; Akt: Akt kinase; ER: estrogen receptor alpha; P: phosphate group.