Figure 1
From: MicroRNAs in colorectal cancer: translation of molecular biology into clinical application
MicroRNAs' involvement in Vogelstein's model of colorectal cancer pathogenesis. Particular signaling pathways affected by miRNAs are described in detail in the review (APC - adenomatous polyposis coli, CTGF - connective tissue growth factor, TSP1 -thrombospondin 1, EGFR - epidermal growth factor receptor, mTOR - mechanistic target of rapamycin, PTEN - phosphatase and tensin homolog, DCC - deleted in colorectal carcinoma, TGFβ R1/2 - transforming growth factor, beta receptor 1/2, CASP3 - caspase 3, SIRT1 - sirtuin 1, CDK4,6 - cyclin-dependent kinase 4,6, ECM - extracellular matrix, EMT - epithelial--mesenchymal transition, ICAMs - intercellular adhesive molecules, TIMP3 - tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3, PDCD4 - programmed cell death 4, RECK - reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs, uPAR - plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor, MMPs - matrix metallopeptidases, ZEB1/2 - zinc-finger E-box binding homeobox 1).