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Figure 1 | Molecular Cancer

Figure 1

From: Survival signalling and apoptosis resistance in glioblastomas: opportunities for targeted therapeutics

Figure 1

Survival Signalling. Hyperactive Receptor tyrosine kinases in GBMs, e.g., EGFR, PDGFR signal upon ligand binding or constitutive activation via Ras-MEK-ERK to mediate cell growth and angiogenesis and via PI3K/AKT to mediate survival. AKT phosphorylates multiple substrates that lead to release of survival factors or interference with the execution of apoptosis. Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1), phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5 triphosphate (PIP3), phosphoinositide-4,5 bisphosphate (PIP2), pro-apoptotic BCL-2-associated agonist of cell death (BAD), and Nuclear factor κB (NFκB).

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Molecular Cancer

ISSN: 1476-4598