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Table 2 Clinical toxicity

From: Biological rationale for the use of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors as new strategy for modulation of tumor response to chemotherapy and radiation

 

5-Azacitidine

Decitabine

General

Pyrexia, fatigue, weakness, rigors, pain in limb, back pain, contusion, dizziness, erythema, chest pain, epistaxis, myalgia, decreased weight, abdominal pain, aggravated fatigue, abdominal tenderness, insomnia, malaise, pain, upper abdominal pain, night sweats, lethargy, peripheral swelling, transfusion reaction, abdominal distension, syncope, chest wall pain, hypoesthesia, post procedural pain, general physical health deterioration, systemic inflammatory response.

Pyrexia, peripheral edema, rigors, edema, pain, lethargy, tenderness, fall, chest discomfort, intermittent pyrexia, malaise, crepitations.

Local

Injection site erythema, injection site pain, injection site bruising, injection site reaction, injection site pruritus, injection site granuloma, injection site pigmentation changes, injection site swelling.

Erythema, catheter site pain, and injection site swelling.

Cardiovascular

 

Cardiac murmur, hypotension, pulmonary edema.

Respiratory

cough, dyspnea, nasopharyngitis, exertional dyspnea, productive cough, pneumonia, lung crackles, rhinorrhea, rales, wheezing, decreased breath sounds, pleural effusion, postnasal drip, rhonchi, nasal congestion, atelectasis, exacerbated dyspnea, sinusitis, hemoptysis, lung infiltration, pneumonitis, respiratory distress

cough, pharyngitis, lung crackles, decreased breath sounds, hypoxia, rales, postnasal drip.

Musculoskeletal

arthralgia, muscle cramps, aggravated bone pain, muscle weakness, and neck pain.

arthralgia, limb pain, back pain, chest wall pain, musculoskeletal discomfort, myalgia

Hematologic

anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, hypokalemia, post procedural hemorrhage, aggravated anemia, agranulocytosis, bone marrow depression, bone marrow failure, pancytopenia, and splenomegaly.

neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, febrile neutropenia, leukopenia, lymphadenopathy, and thrombocythemia.

Gastrointestinal

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, anorexia, pharyngitis, appetite decreased, gengival bleeding, oral mucosal petechiae, stomatitis, dyspepsia, hemorrhoids, loose stools, dysphagia, mouth hemorrhage, tongue ulceration, diverticulitis, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, melena, perirectal abscess

nausea, constipation, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, oral mucosal petechiae, stomatitis, dyspepsia, ascites, gingival bleeding, hemorrhoids, loose stools, tongue ulceration, dysphagia, oral soft tissue disorder, lip ulceration, abdominal distension, abdominal pain upper, gastroesophageal reflux disease, glossodynia.

Dermatologic

ecchymosis, petechiae, skin lesions, rash, pruritus, increased sweating, urticaria, dry skin, skin nodule, pyoderma gangrenosum, pruritic rash, and skin induration.

ecchymosis, rash, erythema, skin lesion, pruritus, alopecia, urticaria, and facial swelling.

Immunologic

 

Infections and infestations such as pneumonia, cellulitis, candidal infection, catheter related infection, urinary tract infection, staphylococcal infection, oral candidiasis, sinusitis, bacteremia.

Nervous System

headache, convulsions, intracranial hemorrhage.

headache, dizziness, hypoesthesia, insomnia, confusional state, anxiety.

Others

pallor, pitting edema, lymphadenopathy, hematoma, cellulitis, infections and infestations including herpes simplex, limb abscess, bacterial infection, blastomycosis, injection site infection, Klebsiella sepsis, streptococcal pharyngitis, Klebsiella pneumonia, sepsis, Staphylococcal bacteremia, Staphylococcal infection, neutropenic sepsis, septic shock, toxoplasmosis, genitourinary infection, hematuria.

vascular disorders such as petechiae, pallor, hematoma, increased blood alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea, blood lactate dehydrogenase, blood bicarbonate, decreased blood albumin, blood chloride, protein total, blood bicarbonate, blood bilirubin, hyperglycemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, decreased appetite, anorexia, hyperkalemia, dehydration, hyperbilirubinemia, transfusion reactions, blurred vision, dysuria, urinary frequency.