Figure 1

Invasion of tumor cells toward matrix-embedded lymphatic endothelial cells depends on lymphatic heparan sulfate. A. Schematic representation of a modified transwell collagen invasion assay. TC, tumor cells; hLEC, primay human lung lymphatic endothelial cells; Col, type I collagen gel. B and C. Invasion of Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC) toward collagen gel containing either no cells ("NC") or hLEC treated as indicated was quantified and normalized to NC. αCCL21, αCCR7 or αCCL5, blocking antibodies to CCL21, CCR7 or CCL5, respectively; H'ase, hLEC pre-treated with heparinase; siDS, hLEC transfected with control (scrambled duplex) RNA; siNdst1, siXylT2, siHs2st or siHs3st1, hLEC transfected with siRNA targeting corresponding HS biosynthetic enzymes. D. Invasion of human lung adenocarcinoma cells (H1650) toward collagen gel containing either no cells ("NC") or hLEC treated as indicated was quantified and normalized to NC. *P < 0.01, ^#P < 0.05, as compared to hLEC in B and siDS in C and D.