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Figure 1 | Molecular Cancer

Figure 1

From: The role of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway in human cancers induced by infection with human papillomaviruses

Figure 1

HPVs infect host epithelial cells (keratinocytes) by interacting with different cell surface receptors such as integrin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). The HPVs replicate themselves using the host cell replication apparatus to express E6/E7/E5 oncoproteins to immortalize the infected cells not only by inhibiting tumour suppressors p53 and Rb and decreasing apoptosis, but also importantly by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway. All these processes enhance cell proliferation leading to the carcinogenesis. Solid line: stimulatory influence; Dashed line: inhibitory influence; ⊗: defective process.

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Molecular Cancer

ISSN: 1476-4598