Figure 3
Dendritic cells activated by XL-DNA induce the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells to TH1- effector cells. BMDCs were treated with ovalbumin peptide (323-339) (5 μg/ml) in the presence of XL-DNA with indicated concentrations for 24 h, then further co-cultured with naïve CD4+ T cells for 5 days. Levels of (A) IFN-γ and (B) IL-12 p40 in culture supernatants were measured by ELISA. Values are mean ± SEM (n = 3). *, Significantly different from XL-DNA untreated group (p < 0.05). Representative data from three independent experiments are presented. N.D., not detected. DC, dendritic cells.