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Table 1 Summary of miRNAs that are consistently downregulated in different childhood solid tumours

From: MicroRNA expression patterns and signalling pathways in the development and progression of childhood solid tumours

miRNA/miRNA cluster

Childhood cancer type*

Comments

Ref

miR-16

OS

Differentially expressed compared to healthy bone tissue

[103]

miR-29b

OS

Differentially expressed compared to healthy bone tissue

[103]

miR-142-5p

OS

Differentially expressed compared to healthy bone tissue

[103]

miR-34 family

miR-34a, miR-34b, miR-34c

NB, OS

Targets MYCN, identified as tumour suppressors, often found in 1p deletion in MNA NB tumours, targeted by p53

[79], [82], [84], [97–101]

miR-451

OS

Higher expression in pre-treatment samples, corresponded with positive response to chemotherapy

[103]

miR-15b

OS

Higher expression in pre-treatment samples, corresponded with positive response to chemotherapy

[103]

miR-125b-1-3p

NB

Lower expression may be associated with chemoresistence

[86]

miR-199a-3p

OS

Differentially expressed in OS cell lines, regulation of proliferation in osteoblasts, acts as tumour suppressor

[96]

miR-127-3p

OS

Differentially expressed in OS cell lines, regulation of proliferation in osteoblasts, acts as tumour suppressor

[96]

miR-370

OS

Differentially expressed in OS cell lines, regulation of proliferation in osteoblasts, acts as tumour suppressor

[96]

Let-7 family

Let-7a, Let-7b, Let-7c, Let-7d, Let-7e, Let-7f, Let-7 g, Let-7i, miR-98

WT

Impaired expression observed due to DICER1 and DROSHA mutations, regulators of MYCN and LIN28

[28] [113]

miR-195

HB

Differentially expressed in fetal subtype compared to surrounding normal liver tissue

[121]

miR-210

HB

Differentially expressed in fetal subtype compared to surrounding normal liver tissue

[121]

miR-214

HB

Differentially expressed in fetal subtype compared to surrounding normal liver tissue

[121]

miR-124

PA

Differentially expressed in PA tumours compared to normal brain tissue, targets putative oncogenes, enriched in brain tissue

[66], [67]

miR-218

MB

Low expression observed, targets include pathways involved in cell cycle, metabolism and motility, CDK6 is target of interest (upregulates cell cycle progression and blocks differentiation)

[71], [72]

miR-497

NB

Targets key cell cycle regulator WEE1. Low levels seen in high risk MNA tumours which also display high levels of WEE1. It is a candidate tumour suppressor and may be useful as a therapeutic target.

[85]

  1. *NB neuroblastoma, MB medulloblastoma, OS osteosarcoma, WT Wilms Tumour, HB hepatoblastoma, PA pediatric pilocystic astrocytoma