Table 2 Summary of miRNAs that are consistently upregulated in different childhood solid tumours
miRNA/miRNA cluster | Childhood cancer type* | Comments | Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
miR-27a | OS | Higher expression in pre-treatment samples characterized metastatic disease | [103] | |
miR-188-5p | NB | Higher expression may be associated with chemoresistance | [86] | |
miR-501-5p | NB | Higher expression may be associated with chemoresistance | [86] | |
miR-135b | OS | Differentially expressed in OS cell line compared to normal osteoblast cell line, association with osteoblast differentiation | ||
miR-150 | OS | Differentially expressed in OS cell line compared to normal osteoblast cell line | [91] | |
miR-542-5p | OS | Differentially expressed in OS cell line compared to normal osteoblast cell line | [91] | |
miR-652 | OS | Differentially expressed in OS cell line compared to normal osteoblast cell line | [91] | |
miR-181a | OS | Differentially expressed compared to healthy bone tissue | [103] | |
miR-181b | OS | Differentially expressed compared to healthy bone tissue | [103] | |
miR-181c | OS | Differentially expressed compared to healthy bone tissue | [103] | |
miR-492 | HB | Elevated levels co-expressed with KRT19, a potential biomarker for metastatic HB and poor prognosis | [120] | |
miR-222 | HB | Low relative expression associated with increased overall survival of HB | [121] | |
miR-224 | HB | Low relative expression associated with increased overall survival of HB | [121] | |
miR-221 | HB | Differentially expressed in fetal subtype compared to surrounding normal liver tissue | [121] | |
miR-483-3p | HB | High overexpression in tumour specific serum able to diagnose liver mass | [123] | |
miR-205-5p | HB | High overexpression in tumour specific serum able to diagnose liver mass | [123] | |
C19MC | miR-512-5p, miR-512-3p, miR-1323, miR-498, miR-520e, miR-515-5p, miR-515-3p, miR-519e-5p, miR-miR-519e-3p, miR-520f, miR-1283, miR-520a-5p, miR-520a-3p, miR-526b-5p, miR-526b-3p, miR-519b-5p, miR-519b-3p, miR-525-5p, miR-525-3p, miR-523-5p, miR-523-3p, miR-518f-5p, miR-518f-3p, miR-520b | CNS-PNET ETMR | C19MC amplification seen in both CNS-PNET and ETMRs, miRNA members are considered oncogenic and may maintain transformation of a very early neural compartment. In CNS-PNET C19MC amplification is observed with high LIN28 expression. In ETMRs TTYH1:C19MC gene fusions are observed with very high expression of miRNA members from this cluster. | |
miR-106b | ET | Associated with the progression of ET from grade II to grade III, potential prognostic marker | [70] | |