miRNA/miRNA cluster | Childhood cancer type* | Comments | Ref | |
---|---|---|---|---|
miR-17-92 cluster | miR-17-5p, miR-18a, miR-19a, miR-19b, miR-20a, miR-92 | NB, WT, MB, ET (upregulated) | c-Myc/n-Myc bind to increase expression in MYCN amplified NB | [70, 76–78, 109, 121] |
HB (downregulated) | Upregulation in WT compared to other kidney tumours or normal tissue | |||
Lower expression of miR-17-5p in fetal subtype of HB compared to surrounding non-tumourous liver tissue | ||||
Overexpressed in mouse MB models and human MBs (some with constitutively activated Sonic Hedgehog signalling) | ||||
High levels of expression of miR-17-5p and miR-19a-3p associate with grade III (advancement) in ET | ||||
miR-21 | HB (Downregulated) | High relative expression associated with increased overall survival of HB | [121] | |
PA (upregulated) | Upregulation seen in PA with more aggressive histological features, an important target is PTEN | |||
miR-122-5p | HB (upregulated, dowregulated) | miR-21 was detected in higher levels in HB patients in both the plasma and exosomes compared to control patients. | [25, 122–124] | |
Low expression of miR-122-5p is seen in the embryonal subtype of HB. Serum miRNA profiles of HB patients indicated high expression of miR-122-5p and could be used in a panel to perform a non-invasive differential diagnosis of liver mass. |