Fig. 5From: Tumor-related interleukins: old validated targets for new anti-cancer drug developmentIL-4 induces the polarization of macrophages recruited in the tumor microenvironment through the SIGNR1 activity. The polarized macrophages are characterized by high levels of cathepsin protease activity, resulting in promoting tumor growth, angiogenesis, and invasion. Both paracrine and autocrine IL-4 activates the identical intracellular pathways generating pSTAT6, ERK, and AKT leading to tumor invasion, metastasis, resistance and CSCs survivalBack to article page