Table 2 Summary of clinical approaches for inhibiting IL-6 activity in cancer
From: Tumor-related interleukins: old validated targets for new anti-cancer drug development
Class | Drug | Type | Clinical trials | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Monoclonal antibodies | Tocilizumab | Humanized anti-IL-6R mAb | Cancer cachexia in lung cancer and phase IÂ +Â II for multiple Myeloma | [125] |
Siltuximab | Chimeric anti-IL-6 mAb | Phase II multiple myeloma, phase I completed for B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, multiple myeloma, phase II prostate cancer, phase II renal cell carcinoma, phase I oral mucositis in head and neck cancer and phase II non-small cell lung cancer-related cachexia | [135] | |
Clazakizumab | Humanized, aglycosylated anti-IL-6 mAb | Multiple myeloma and phase II renal cell carcinoma | [140] | |
Elsilimomab (BE-8) Siltuximab | Murine anti-IL-6 mAb Chimeric anti–IL-6 mAb | Multiple Myeloma Clinical trial for multiple myeloma, hormone-refractory prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and renal cancer has been discontinued due to lack of efficacy | [141] | |
Non-mAbs agents | sgp130Fc | Fc fusion gp130 IL-6 signaling blocker | Preclinical studies | [194] |
SANT-7 | IL-6R antagonist | Combination therapy in multiple myeloma | [195] | |
ERBA | small molecule IL-6R antagonist | Cancer-related cachexia | [196] | |
Atiprimod | Small molecule JAK2 and JAK3 inhibitor | Clinical trial in development for multiple myeloma | [195] | |
Ruxolitinib | Small molecule JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor | Phase II clinical trial for myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and AML | [146] |