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Table 3 clinical trials for IL-4 inhibition in cancer

From: Tumor-related interleukins: old validated targets for new anti-cancer drug development

Class

Drug

Effects

Clinical trials

Ref.

Targeting signaling

Ruxolitinib

leflunomide

Inhibition of JAK1/2 resulting in STAT6 phosphorylation inhibition

Inhibition of STAT6

Phosphorylation

FDA approved for myelofibrosis.

Phase I/II trials for CML, AML, colorectal cancer, NSCLC, lung adenocarcinoma, and breast cancer in preparation.

Approved for RA treatment, immunosuppressive therapy after organ transplantation

[178, 197]

[144, 198]

Blocking IL-4/IL-4R interaction

Dupilumab

AMG317

Pitrakinra

Altrakincept

Pascolizumab

Humanized anti–IL-4Rα mAb

Humanized anti–IL-4Rα mAb

modified form of IL4

Recombinant human IL4R

Humanized anti–IL4 (IgG1)

Antibody

Phase III trials for asthma and atopic dermatitis are ongoing

Good results of Phase I/II trials in asthma then abandoned due to lack of efficacy

Completed phase I/II/III trials in asthma.

Abandoned after Phase I/II trials completion for asthma due to lack of efficacy

Abandoned after Phase I/II trials completion for asthma due to lack of efficacy

[182, 199]

[185]

[185, 200]

[184, 201]

[202]