Table 1 Deregulated lncRNAs in HCC

Up-regulated

ANRIL

Promotes cell proliferation

Interacts with PRC2 to silent KLF2

[43]

MALAT1

Induces apoptosis, activates mTOR pathway

Increases the splicing factor SRSF1

[45]

PCNA-AS1

Promotes tumour growth

Forms a duplex with PCNA, increases PCNA stability

[46]

CCAT1

Promotes cell proliferation and migration

Binds let-7 as a ceRNA

[48]

Unigene56159

Induces EMT and migration

Binds miR-140-5p as a ceRNA

[49]

TP73-AS1

Promotes cell proliferation

Competes with HMGB1 to bind miR200a, activate HMGB1/RAGE axis

[52]

CCAT2

Promote cell proliferation, EMT and reduces apoptosis

Up-regulates Snail2

[53, 59]

uc.338

Promotes cell proliferation

Interacts with BMI1

[54]

UCA1

Promotes invasion and EMT

Interacts with miR-203, regulates the expression of Snail2

[58]

SPRY4-IT1

Promotes EMT

Up-regulates twist1 and Vimentin, reduces the expression of E-cadherin

[60]

SNHG20

Promotes EMT

Up-regulates twist1 and Vimentin, reduces the expression of E-cadherin

[61, 62]

TUG1

Induces drug resistance

Regulates the expression of P-gp and MDR1

[65]

HULC

Induces resistance to oxaliplatin, 5-FU and THP

Activates autophagy

[67]

HOTAIR

Damages DNA repair and induces MSI

Reduces the recruitment of P300, RNA Pol II and CREB to SETD2 promoter

[73]

lncBRM

Maintains stemness and properities of LCSCs

Interacts with BRM and activates YAP1 signalling

[29]

CUDR

Promotes growth of LCSCs

Up-regulates CyclinD1, down-regulated PTEN

[74]

lncTCF7

Promotes self-renewal and propagation of CSCs

Recruits SWI/SNF complex, activates Wnt pathway

[30]

lnc-β-catenin

Regulates self-renewal of LCSCs

Mediates the formation of β-catenin -EZH2 complex, activates Wnt signalling

[31]

lncRNA CAMTA1

Maintains CSC properties

Regulates the expression of CAMTA1

[32]

lncRNA DANCR

Maintains stemness of LCSCs

Impairs interaction between CTNNB1 and miRNA as a ceRNA

[77]

PVT1

Promotes cell proliferation and stem cell-like features

Stabilizes NOP2

[89]

Down-regulated

H19

Mediates metastasis of HCC

Binds hnRNP U/PCAF/RNA Pol II complex to increase the expression of miR-200 family

[44]

BANCR

Promotes cell proliferation

[55]

lnc-FTX

Modulate cell proliferation

Interacts with MCM2 and binds miR-374a as a ceRNA

[56]

lnc-DILC

Promotes expansion of LCSCs

Inhibits IL-6/JAK2/STAT3

[28]