Table 1 LncRNAs implicated in EMT, invasion, migration and metastasis of HNC

AFAP1-AS1

Actin filament associated protein 1 antisense RNA1

NPC

up

positive

↑invasion, migration, metastasis

Translational control/ regulation of actin filament integrity

[69]

CCAT1

Colon cancer-associated transcript-1

LSCC

up

–

↑invasion

miRNA sponge/transcriptional regulation

[92]

CCAT1

Colon cancer-associated transcript-1

LSCC

up

–

↑invasion, migration, EMT

–

[91]

ENST00000470135

ENST00000470135

NPC

up

positive

↑invasion, migration

–

[73]

FOXCUT

FOXC1 promoter upstream transcript

NPC

up

–

↑migration

mRNA stability modulation

[20]

FOXCUT

FOXC1 promoter upstream transcript

OSCC

up

–

↑migration

mRNA stability modulation

[84]

GAS5

Growth Arrest-specific Transcript 5

TC

down

negative

–

–

[83]

H19

H19

LSCC

up

–

↑invasion, migration

Chromatin modification

[97]

HIT000218960

HIT000218960

PTC

up

positive

↑invasion, migration

Transcriptional regulation

[70]

HNF1A-AS

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1A antisense RNA

NPC

up

–

↑EMT, migration

–

[107]

HOTAIR

Homeobox transcript antisense RNA

HNSCC

up

–

↑invasion, migration

miRNA sponge/translational control

[47]

HOTAIR

Homeobox transcript antisense RNA

OSCC

up

positive

↑invasion, migration

Chromatin modification

[19]

HOTAIR

Homeobox transcript antisense RNA

NPC

up

positive

↑invasion, migration

–

[48]

HOTAIR

Homeobox transcript antisense RNA

LSCC

up

–

↑invasion

Chromatin modification

[46]

HOTTIP

HOXA transcript at the distal tip

TSCC

up

positive

–

–

[76]

KCTD6–3

KCTD6–3

HNSCC

down

–

↓migration, EMT

–

[108]

LCE5A-1

LCE5A-1

HNSCC

down

–

↓migration, EMT

–

[108]

LINC00152

Long intergenic non-coding RNA 152

TSCC

up

positive

–

–

[77]

LINC00312

Long intergenic non-coding RNA 312

NPC

down

positive

–

–

[74]

LINC00312

Long intergenic non-coding RNA 312

NPC

up

–

↑invasion

Translational control/upregulation of JNK2/AP-1/MMP1 pathways

[75]

LINC00673

Long intergenic non-coding RNA 673

TSCC

up

–

↑invasion, migration

–

[105]

MALAT1

Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1

OSCC

up

–

↑invasion, migration

Transcriptional regulation/NF-κB pathway activation

[2]

MALAT1

Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1

TSCC

up

–

↑invasion, migration

–

[35]

MALAT1

Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1

TC

up

–

↑invasion

Chromatin modification

[38]

MALAT1

Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1

NPC

up

–

↑invasion, migration, EMT

–

[37]

MALAT1

Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1

PTC

up

–

↑EMT

–

[39]

MALAT1

Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1

TSCC

up

positive

↑EMT, migration, invasion

Chromatin modification/Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation

[34]

MALAT1

Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1

TSCC

up

positive

↑migration, metastasis

Via downregulation of small proline rich proteins

[36]

NEAT1

Nuclear enrich abundant transcript 1

TC

up

–

↑invasion, migration

miRNA sponge

[102]

NKILA

NF-KappaB interacting lncRNA

TSCC

down

negative

↓EMT, migration, invasion, metastasis

Protein stability

[81]

NONHSAT037832

NONHSAT037832

PTC

down

negative

–

–

[82]

LncRNA-ROR

Long Non-Coding RNA Reprogramming

NPC

up

–

↑invasion, migration,EMT

–

[103]

RP11-169D4.1–001

RP11-169D4.1–001

LSCC

up

positive

–

–

[78]

SOX21-AS1

SOX21 antisense RNA 1

OSCC

down

–

↓invasion

Chromatin modification

[109]

TINCR

Terminal differentiation-induced ncRNA

HNSCC

down

–

↓migration

–

[110]

TUG1

Taurine upregulated gene 1

OSCC

up

positive

↑invasion

Transcriptional regulation/Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation

[66]

UCA1

Urothelial carcinoma-associated 1

HSCC

up

positive

↑invasion

–

[58]

UCA1

Urothelial carcinoma-associated 1

OSCC

up

positive

↑migration,invasion

Transcriptional regulation/Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation

[49]

UCA1

Urothelial carcinoma-associated 1

TSCC

up

positive

↑migration

–

[57]