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Table 1 Biological Characteristics of Some of the Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Reported in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

From: Expression, regulation and targeting of receptor tyrosine kinases in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Name of the receptor (HGNC Official Name)

Gene Symbol

Gene Locus

Ligand

Structural Feature of the Class

Primary Localization

Alternate Localization

Function

Domain

Motif

Epidermal growth factor receptor

EGFR

7p11.2

EGF

Three FU, one REC, one TM, and one TYK domain

One SP

Plasma Membrane

Endosome, Clathrin-coated vesicle, Cytoplasm

Stimulate proliferation of different cell types

Insulin like growth factor I receptor

IGF1R

15q26.3

IGF1/IGF2

One FU, one TM, one TYK, two REC, three FN3, and one TM domain

One SP

Plasma membrane

 

Regulation of cell growth and survival

MET proto-oncogene

MET

7q31

HGF

One TYK domain, One PSI, One SEMA, four IPT domains

One SP

Plasma Membrane

Cytoplasm

In biological processes like cellular proliferation, motility, migration, & invasion

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor

FMS related tyrosine kinase 1

FLT1

13q12.3

VEGF

Five Ig_LIKE domains, two IGC2 domains, one TM domain, and one TYK domain

One SP

Plasma Membrane

Extracellular

Transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity cell communication, signal transduction, and stimulate angiogenesis

Kinase insert domain receptor

KDR

4q12

VEGF

Cytoplasmic

Platelet derived growth factor receptor

PDGFRA

4q12

PDGF

Three Ig LIKE, one IGC2, one TM, and one TYK domain

One SP

Plasma membrane

Extracellular

Growth, differentiation and cell death controls

PDGFRB

5q32

ALK

ALK

2p23.2-p23.1

Heparin (an activating ligand)

One TM, one TYK domain, one LDLA, & one MAM

One SP, two NPXY

Plasma membrane

Cell surface

Embryonic brain development, Important role in the genesis and differentiation of the nervous system

Protein tyrosine kinase 7

PTK7

6p21.1

No known ligand (Context-dependent signaling switch for the Wnt pathways Wnt)

Five IGC2, two Ig LIKE, a TM, & a TYK domain

One SP

Plasma Membrane

Cytoplasmic expression

Cell adhesion, migration, polarity, proliferation, actin cytoskeletal reorganization and apoptosis

  1. FU Furin-like repeats, REC cheY-homologous receiver domain, TM Tramsmembrane domain, SP Signal peptide motif, NPXY Asn-Pro-X-Tyr, TYK Tyrosine kinase domain, LDLA LDL receptors, the class A, KRINGLE Kringle Domain, FZ Frizzled domain
  2. Note: primary and secondary localization of the receptor tyrosine kinases are either based on the information annotated in the Human Protein reference Database (HPRD, http: hprd.org) or the human protein atlas (HPA, https://www.proteinatlas.org)