Fig. 2From: EGFR-TKIs resistance via EGFR-independent signaling pathwaysAlternative downstream compounds-induced EGFR-TKIs resistance. 1. PTEN loss: suppressed HGR1 downregulates PTEN expression which in general inhibits the PI3K/Akt activation. 2. PIK3CA mutation-drived abnormal activation of PI3K pathway. 3. BRAF mutation-drived abnormal activation of MAPK signaling axisBack to article page