Table 2 Deregulated lncRNAs in glioma

Up-regulated

NEAT1

Bind to EZH2 and mediate H3K27me3 in target promoters.

Promote glioma cell growth and invasion

[25]

HOTAIR

Interact with the PRC2 complex

Promotes glioblastoma cell cycle progression

[52]

HOTAIR/miR-326/FGF1 axis

Promotes malignant biological behaviors of glioma cells

[43]

Bind to miR-148b-3p as ceRNA and enhance tight junction

Decrease the permeability of BTB in glioma

[62]

TUG1

Inhibit miR-144 and reverse miR-144 effect on occludin, ZO-1 and claudin-5

Regulate BTB permeability in glioma

[63]

FOXM1-AS

Facilitate interaction of ALKBH5 and FOXM1 mRNA to demethylate FOXM1 mRNA

Enhance self-renewal and tumorigenesis of glioblastoma stem-like cells

[50]

CRNDE

Modulate the mTOR signaling pathway.

Promote glioma cell growth and invasion

[42]

Attenuate miR-384/PIWIL4/STAT3 axis

Facilitate glioma cells proliferation and invasion, while inhibited cells apoptosis

[30]

Bind to miR-136-5p as ceRNA, thereby protecting Bcl-2 and Wnt2

Enhance migratory and invasive capacities of glioma cells

[77]

H19

Up-regulate the VASH2 expression by decreasing miR-29a.

Promote glioblastoma cell invasion, angiogenesis and tube formation

[57]

Derive miR-675, which directly suppresses CDK6

Promote glioma cell proliferation and migration

[78]

SOX2OT

Bind to both miR-194-5p and miR-122, reverse SOX3 expression

Promote proliferation, migration and invasion of GSCs

[79]

ECONEXIN

Increase TOP2A by sponging miR-411-5p

Maintain aggressive proliferation of glioma cells

[46]

HCP5

Form HCP5-miR-139-RUNX1 positive feedback loop

Induce proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cells

[53]

XIST

Increase the expression of ZO-2 and transcription factor FOXC1 as miR-137 sponge

Decrease blood–tumor barrier permeability and promote glioma angiogenesis

[58]

Form RNA induced silencing complex RISC with miR-152

Promote GSC proliferation, migration and invasion

[48]

Downregulate miR-429 as sponge

promote glioma tumorigenicity and angiogenesis

[59]

CASC2c

Compete to combine miR-101 by repelling CPEB1

Promote the malignant characteristic of astrocytoma cells

[80]

Down-regulated

NBAT-1

Suppress the neuronal-specific transcription factor NRSF/REST

Impair proliferation and increase differentiation of neuroblastoma

[51]

TUG1

Recruit polycomb to methylate locus-specific histone H3K27

Maintain stemness features of GSCs

[47]

Induce the activation of caspase-3 and caspase -9

Induced glioma apoptosis

[81]

GAS5

Form GAS5/miR-196a-5p/FOXO1 positive feedback loop

Suppress glioma stem cells proliferation, migration, and invasion

[44]

Increase the expression of bmf and Plexin C1 by downregulating miR-222

Suppress glioma malignancy and tumor size

[82]

MALAT1

Downregulate miR-155 expression

Suppress the invasion and proliferation of glioma cells

[54]

Attenuate ERK/MAPK-mediated growth and MMP2-mediated invasiveness.

Suppress the growth and invasion of glioma cells

[56]

Up-regulate EMT related proteins

Decrease the sensitivity of glioblastoma cells to TMZ

[65]

CASC2

Interact with miR-181a, increase the expression of PTEN

Inhibit glioma cells proliferation and amplify TMZ sensibility

[45]