Table 1 Exosomal long RNA species in cancer biology
From: The decade of exosomal long RNA species: an emerging cancer antagonist
Long RNA Species | Cancer Type | Biological Function | Mechanism | Refs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mRNA | ZEB1 mRNA | Non-small cell lung cancer | Transfer mesenchymal and chemoresistant phenotypes | Transfer of ZEB1 mRNA | [62] |
EGFRvIII mRNA | Glioblastoma | Diagnosis biomarkers | Unknown | [6] | |
hTERT mRNA | Prostate cancer | Diagnosis biomarkers | Unknown | [53] | |
KRTAP5–4 and MAGEA3 | Colorectal adenoma | Diagnosis biomarkers | Unknown | [11] | |
Annexin 2, Smad2, P27, MTAP, CIP4, and PEDF | Osteosarcoma | Biomarkers to classify osteosarcoma with different chemosensitivities | Unknown | [63] | |
lncRNA | Lnc-H19 | Liver cancer | Promote angiogenesis | Increase the expression of VEGF, VEGFA, and ICAM | [43] |
lnc-CCAT2 | Glioma | Promote angiogenesis and tumor progression | Activate VEGFA/ TGFβ and decrease apoptosis | [74] | |
Linc-POU3F3 | Glioma | Promote angiogenesis | Increase the expression of bFGF, bFGFR, VEGFA, and Angio | [75] | |
Lnc-HULC | Pancreatic cancer | Promote invasion and metastasis | Inhibit E-cadherin mRNA expression and promote Snail and vimentin expression | [76] | |
lncRNA-zfas1 | Gastric cancer | Diagnosis biomarkers | Unknown | [77] | |
LINC-ROR | HCC | Enhance drug resistance | Elevate TGF-β level | [80] | |
Lnc-VLDLR | HCC | Enhance drug resistance | Strengthening ABCG2 expression to promote drug excretion from the cytoplasm | [81] | |
lncARSR | Renal cancer | Enhance drug resistance | Act as a ceRNA for miR-34 and miR-449 | [82] | |
lncRNA-UCA1 | Breast cancer | Enhance drug resistance | Decrease apoptosis | [83] | |
lncRNA-p21 | Prostate cancer | Suppress cancer initiation | Suppress genes regulated by p53 | ||
HOTAIR | Urothelial bladder cancer | Facilitate tumor initiation and progression | Regulate EMT associated genes | [90] | |
MALAT1 | Cervical cancer | Facilitate tumor progression | Modulate EMT | [91] | |
MEG3A | Cervical cancer | Inhibit cell proliferation | Activate cell cycle arrest and apoptosis | [91] | |
LINC00152 | Gastric cancer | Diagnosis biomarkers | Unknown | [92] | |
lncRNA-CRNDE-h | Colon cancer | Diagnosis biomarkers | Unknown | [93] | |
circRNA | Circ-CDYL | Liver cancer | Promote angiogenesis | Unknown | [8] |
Circ-KLDHC10 | Colon cancer | Diagnosis biomarkers | Unknown | [8] | |
CircFAT1 | Colon cancer | Diagnosis biomarkers | Asssociated with the mutant KRAS | [115] | |
CircRTN4 | Colon cancer | Diagnosis biomarkers | Asssociated with the mutant KRAS | [115] | |