Table 1 Candidate exosomal biomarkers for the early detection of PDAC. miR, microRNA; CD44v6, cluster of differentiation variant 6; Tspan8, tetraspanin-8; EpCAM, epithelial cell adhesion molecule; CD104z, cluster of differentiation 104z; KRAS, Kirsten rat sarcoma virus; TP53, tumor protein p53
From: The hepatic pre-metastatic niche in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Exosomal marker | Diagnostic value | Sensitivity | Specificity | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Glypican-1 (GPC1) | GPC1 is a specific marker of cancer cell-derived exosomes and exosomal GPC1 levels can distinguish patients with early- and late-stage PDAC from healthy subjects and patients with benign pancreatic lesions | 100% | 100% | [130] |
High miR-10b, miR-21, miR-30c, and miR-181a and low miR-let7a | Differentiates pancreatic cancer cases from healthy and chronic pancreatitis cases | 100% | 100% | [191] |
CD44v6, Tspan8, EpCAM, MET, CD104z, miR-1246, miR-4644, miR-3976, miR-4306 | Combined evaluation distinguishes patients with PDAC from healthy subjects and patients with non-malignant disease | 100% | 80% | [192] |
miR-17-5-p | Discriminate between pancreatic cancer patients and healthy subjects | 72.7% | 92.6% | [193] |
miR-21 | Discriminate between pancreatic cancer patients and healthy subjects | 95.5% | 81.5% | [193] |
KRAS, TP53 | Exosomes contain genomic DNA with mutated KRAS and TP53 | – | – | [194] |