Table 1 Results from clinical trials conducted in advanced, metastatic, radioiodine-refractory and anaplastic thyroid cancers conducted between 2013 and 2017 in the United States (Source: https://clinicaltrials.gov/)

1

Sorafenib (Bay43–9006, Nexavar)

II

ATC

PR in 2/20 (10%); Stable disease in 5/20 (25%)

1.9 months

–

[107]

2

Carbozantinib

III

MTC

28%

11.2

–

[108]

3

Efatutazone+ Paclitaxel

I

ATC

PR = 1; SD = 7

3.3 months

–

[39]

4

Pazopanib

II

Advanced and progressive medullary

5/35

9.4

19.9

[109]

5

Fosbretabulin + Paclitaxel/Carboplatin

II

ATC

20%

3.3

5.2 months

[110]

6

Vemurafenib

BRAFV600E positive, metastatic, radio-iodine refractory PTC

10/26

–

–

[110]

7

Axitinib

II

Advanced thyroid cancer

35%

16.1

23.2

[111]

8

Levatinib

III

Iodine refractor TC

64.8%

18.3

–

[112]

9

Sunitinib (second line of therapy)

II

Progressive, radio-iodine Refractory thyroid cancer

5/20 (25%)

6 months

13 months

[113]

10

Cabozantinib (XL-184)

III

Advanced MTC

11.2 months

–

[114]

11

Dabrafenib plus trametinib

II

BRAF V600E–mutated anaplastic thyroid cancer

69%

–

–

[23]