Table 1 The application of autophagy activators in tumor therapy
Autophagy Activators | Tumor Types | Autophagy-Modulating Mechanism | Research Types |
|---|---|---|---|
2-Methoxyestradiol | Osteosarcoma | Induce RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR)-dependent autophagy [179] | Preclinical |
Neferine | Neuroblastoma | Down-regulate focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Beclin1-mediated autophagy [180] | Preclinical |
Honokiol | Prostate cancer | Induce ROS-dependent autophagy [181] | Preclinical |
ADIPOQ/adiponectin | Breast cancer | Stimulate STK11/LKB1-AMPK-ULK1-mediated autophagy [182] | Preclinical |
2-amino-nicotinonitrile compound | Gastric tumors | Activate EGFR-mediated RAS-RAF1-MAP2K-MAPK1/3 signaling pathway [183] | Preclinical |
MIR506 | Pancreatic cancer | Mediate STAT3-BCL2-BECN1 signaling pathway [184] | Preclinical |
Shikonin | Liver cancer | Promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and phospho-ERK [185] | Preclinical |
Salidroside | Colorectal cancer | Suppress the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways [186] | Preclinical |
AZD8055 | Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) | Blocking mTORC1 and mTORC2 activation and inducing JNK activity [187] | Preclinical |