Table 1 Clinical application of exosomal RNAs as biomarkers
Cancer type | ncRNA | Exosome source | Cancer outcome | Application | Purification strategy | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Breast cancer | miR-105 | Serum | Enhance cancer progression and metastasis. Poor prognosis | Early diagnosis of BC metastasis | Ultracentrifugation | [29] |
Esophageal Cancer | miR-93-5p | the Blood (Serum/Plasma) | Promote cancer cells’ Proliferation. Poor prognosis | Early diagnosis | Differential centrifugation and ultracentrifugation | [55] |
Gastric cancer | LINC00152 | Plasma samples | Not mentioned | Early diagnosis | Total Exosome Isolation Reagent | [54] |
Colorectal cancer | lncRNA-GAS5 | Serum | Inhibit CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Favorable prognosis | Diagnosis and prognosis | Differential ultracentrifugation | [53] |
Triple-negative breast cancer | microRNA-373 | Serum | Inhibit cancer cells’ apoptosis. Poor prognosis | Early diagnosis | ExoQuick | [62] |
Ovarian cancer | miR-21, miR-141, miR-200a, miR-200c, miR-200b, miR-203, miR-205 miR-214 | Sera specimens | Poor prognosis | Early diagnosis | A modified magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) procedure | [63] |
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) | let-7a, miR-99b, −146a, −155, −191, − 1246 | Serum | Poor prognosis | Therapy monitoring | Differential centrifugation and ExoQuick | [64] |
Prostate cancer (PC) | miR-141 miR-375 | Serum, Plasma and Urine | Promote metastasis Poor prognosis | Early diagnosis | A filter concentrator with a 150-kDa molecular weight cutoff | [65] |
Gastric cancer | LncRNA- ZFAS1 | Serum or Sera | Enhance GC cell proliferation and migration Poor prognosis | Early diagnosis | Ultracentrifugation | [67] |