Fig. 1

Functions of exosomes in the microenvironment. a Exosomes can promote cell activities through message transfer. b The receptors could be important cargoes from cell to cell like platelets, endothelial cells, and tumor cells. c Proteins in exosomes would be released in target cells and alter cell activities. d Cell-to-cell genetic information transfer can be led by exosomes containing genetic materials, such as mRNAs, circRNAs, and miRNAs. e Exosomes can bind to ECM and trigger some cell activities