Exosomes in gastric cancer: roles, mechanisms, and applications

Fu, Min; Gu, Jianmei; Jiang, Pengcheng; Qian, Hui; Xu, Wenrong; Zhang, Xu

doi:10.1186/s12943-019-1001-7

Molecular Cancer

Table 2 Exosomes extracted from biofluids as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for GC

From: Exosomes in gastric cancer: roles, mechanisms, and applications

Cargo type	Exosomal cargo	Biofluids	Extraction method	Identification method	Method	Clinical value in GC	Reference
Protein	BARHL2	Gastric juice	Commercial kit	Not shown	qRT-PCR	BARHL2 methylation yielded an AUC of 0.923 with 90% sensitivity and 100% specificity	[69]
	GKN1	Serum	Commercial kit	TEM	ELISA	Discriminate GC patients from healthy individuals (AUC = 1.00), patients with hepatocellular (AUC = 1.00) and colorectal carcinomas (AUC = 0.98)	[47]
	TGF-β1	Plasma	Differential centrifugation	Western blot, immuno-EM and NTA	ELISA	Associated with lymph node metastasis	[43]
	TRIM3	Serum	Commercial kit	TEM and NTA	ELISA, western blot	Downregulated in GC and may serve as a biomarker for GC diagnosis	[52]
miRNA	miR-423-5p	Serum	Commercial kit	TEM, NTA and western blot	qRT-PCR	Higher diagnostic efficiency than CEA and CA-199; indicator for poor prognosis	[54]
	miR-451	Serum	Commercial kit	Not shown	qRT-PCR	indicate poor prognosis of GC patients	[58]
	miR-217	Plasma	Differential centrifugation	Not shown	qRT-PCR	Higher expression in GC patients	[71]
	miR-23b	Plasma	Ultracentrifugation	TEM	miRNA microarray, qRT-PCR	Predicts the recurrence and prognosis of GC patients in each tumor stage	[74]
	miR-19b-3p and miR-106a-5p	Serum	Commercial kit	TEM and western blot	qRT-PCR	Related to GC lymphatic metastasis and TNM stage; more accurate than AFP and CA19–9 for GC diagnosis	[70]
	miR10b-5p, miR195-5p, miR20a-3p, and miR296-5p	Serum	Commercial kit	Not shown	miRNA microarray, qRT-PCR	Elevated expression in GC patients	[24]
	miR-424-5p and miR-590-3p	Serum	Commercial kit	TEM, NTA and western blot	miRNA profiling,qRT-PCR	Effective biomarker for diagnosing the stage of GC progression	[72]
	miR-21 and miR-1225-5p	Peritoneal lavage fluid	Differential centrifugation	Not shown	miRNA microarray, qRT-PCR	Biomarker for the prediction of peritoneal dissemination	[73]
lncRNA	lncUEGC1	Plasma	Serial centrifugation and discontinuous iodixanol gradient	TEM, NTA and western blot	RNA sequencing, qPCR	Potential early GC biomarker with higher diagnostic accuracy than CEA	[66]
	HOTTIP	Serum	Ultracentrifugation	Not shown	qRT-PCR	Higher diagnostic capability than CEA, CA 19–9 and CA72–4; correlated with poor overall survival	[65]
	ZFAS1	Serum	Commercial kit	TEM, NTA and western blot	qRT-PCR	Higher levels in GC patients; associated with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage	[64]
	LINC00152	Plasma	Commercial kit	TEM	qRT-PCR	Higher levels in GC patients	[10]
circRNA	circ-KIAA1244	Plasma	Commercial kit	Not shown	circRNA microarray, qRT-PCR	Potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for GC	[67]

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ISSN: 1476-4598

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