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Table 3 Compounds that induce necroptosis in cancer therapy

From: The role of necroptosis in cancer biology and therapy

Compounds and Agents

Category

Mechanisms of Necroptosis Induction

Cancer Type

Reference

Shikonin

naphthoquinone

ROS production; RIPK1/RIPK3 necrosome formation

leukemia;

osteosarcoma;

pancreatic cancer; glioma

[100, 104, 103, 105]

Staurosporine

alkaloid

RIPK1/MLKL dependent

leukemia

[106, 107]

Neoalbaconol

albatrellus confluens extract

autocrine secretion of TNFα; remodeling cellular energy metabolism

nasopharyngeal carcinoma

[108, 109]

Resibufogenin

bufadienolide

upregulating RIPK3 and MLKL protein

colorectal cancer

[110]

Radiotherapy

radiation

inhibition of caspase-8 activation

thyroid cancer; adrenocortical cancer; colorectal cancer cells; glioblastoma

[111]

5-FU

chemotherapeutic agent

TNF-α production; RIPK1 activation

colorectal cancer

[114]

B12536

polo-like kinase inhibitor

leading to mitotic catastrophe

prostate cancer

[115]

Compound C

AMP-activated protein kinase inhibitor

Calpain/Cathepsin-mediated

glioma

[116]

Sorafenib

multikinase inhibitor

ROS production; RIPK1 activation

multiple myeloma; Hodgkin’s lymphoma

[117]

Aurora Kinase A Inhibitor

Aurora Kinase Inhibitor

facilitating necrosome activation

pancreatic cancer

[120]

TRAIL

death receptor ligand

TNFR1 signaling; RIPK1/RIPK3 dependent;ROS production

colon cancer; liver cancer; pancreatic cancer

[121, 122]

CD95L

death receptor ligand

CD95 signalling; regulation of cIAPs

pancreatic cancer

[123]

Oncolytic viruses

virus

exposure of immunogenic molecules

glioma; ovarian cancer

[124]

Hemagglutinating virus

virus

calcium-calmodulin kinase II dependent

neuroblastoma

[127]

Silver nanoparticles

metal nanoparticle

RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL dependent

pancreatic cancer

[128]

Selenium nanoparticles

metal nanoparticle

RIPK1 dependent

prostate cancer

[131]

Smac mimetics

IAP antagonist

ROS production; cIAP inhibition; TNFα dependent

leukemia; pancreatic cancer

[132]

MG132 and bortezomib

proteasome inhibitors

RHIM-dependent

leukemia

[135]

Obatoclax

Bcl-2 inhibitor

Atg5-dependent necrosome assembly on autophagosomes

rhabdomyosarcoma; ALL

[136]

PolyI:C

viral dsRNA analog

RIPK3 dependent; TLR3/TLR4 activation

cervical cancer; colon cancer

[92]

ZZW-115

NUPR1 inhibitors

inducing mitochondrial metabolism rupture

pancreatic cancer

[137]