Table 1 The translational application of autophagy inhibitors in anticancer therapy by regulating EMT
Autophagy Inhibitors | Impair/Enhance EMT | Mechanisms | Cancer Types | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Chloroquine(CQ) | Impair | Reversing TGF-β-induced EMT | Renal cell carcinoma(RCC) | [6] |
CQ | Impair | Down-regulating expression of vimentin and up-regulating expression of E-cadherin | Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) | [142] |
CQ or 3-methyladenine (3-MA) | Impair | Inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad3-induced EMT | Bladder cancer. | [143] |
3-MA | Enhance | Attenuating inhibitive effects of miR-16 mimics on TGF-β1-induced EMT | Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) | [144] |
3-MA | Enhance | Abolishing the sinomenine hydrochloride (SH) -mediated inhibition of vimentin, Snail and Slug expression | Glioblastoma | [145] |