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Table 1 The Role of piRNAs in various Cancer

From: The emerging role of the piRNA/piwi complex in cancer

piRNA

Cancer type

Function

Expression in tumors

Reference

piR-36712

Breast cancer

suppressed cell proliferation, invasion and migration by combining with SEPW1P RNA

down

[22]

piR-021285

inhibited cell proliferation and invasion by ARHGAP11A methylation

down

[35]

piR-932

caused EMT through promoting promoter region CpG island methylation of Latexin

up

[46]

piR-DQ598677

form pi-RISC to degrade targeted genes like miRNAs

down

[47]

piR-34871

piR-52200

Lung cancer

correlated with RASSF1C expression, promoted cell proliferation and colony formation by reducing AMPK phosphorylation of ATM-AMPK-p53-p21cip pathway

up

[17]

piR-35127 piR-46545

down

piR-651

Promoted cells and tumor proliferation and inhibited apoptosis, induced cyclin D1 and CDK4 expression

up

[48, 49]

piR-55490

inhibited LC cells and tumor proliferation by binding 3’UTR of mTOR mRNA

down

[37]

piR-823

Gastric cancer

inhibited proliferation of cancer cells, and caused cells aberrant “stem-like”state by weakening tumor supporter genes methylation

down

[19, 50]

piR-651

promote cell proliferation and associated with TNM stages

up

[51]

piR- FR222326

positively associated with overall survival

up

[52]

piR-FR290353

piR-FR064000

piR-FR387750

associated with recurrence-free survival

up

[52]

piR-1245

Colorectal cancer

accelerated cell growth, promoted migration and invasion as well as anti-apoptosis by binding to its downstream targeted mRNA in nuclear exosomes, associated with poor differentiation, TNM state and poor overall survival

up

[53]

piR-54265

promoted proliferation and metastasis, inhibited apoptosis, correlated with shorter progression-free survival time and overall survival time, caused therapy resistance to anti-tumor agents by regulating STAT3 phosphorylation

up

[45]

piR-823

enhanced cells proliferation and suppressed apoptosis by promoting HSF1 phosphorylation at Ser326 and inducing Stat3 phosphorylation

up

[44]

piR-015551

influenced the colorectal cancer development by causing gene mutation

up

[54]

piR-Hep1

Hepatocellular carcinoma

promoted cells proliferation and invasion via upregulating phosphorylated AKT of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway

up

[55]

piR-LLi-24894

asssociated with low-grade lesions of hepatocellular carcinoma

up

[56]

Hsa-piR-013306

involved in the hepatic carcinogenic process

up

[56]

piR-32051 piR-39894 piR-43607

Kidney cancer

linked with renal cell carcinoma of high tumor stage and metastasis and cancer-specific survival

up

[57]

piR-57125

inhibited cancer metastatic

down

[58]

piR-30924

piR-38756

associated with cancer metastatic

up/down

[58]

piR-823

Hematological malignancy

promoted proliferation, inhibited apoptosis and modulated cell cycle progression of multiple myeloma cells by regulating DNA methylation and angiogenesis

up

[36]

improved the survival and maintained the stemness of multiple myeloma stem cells by producing more DNMT3B

up

[59]

promoted the proliferation, migration, and capillary structure formation of tumor-associated endothelial cells

up

[60]

piR-651

associated with shorter disease-free survival and shorter overall survival in classical Hodgkin lymphoma patients

up

[61]

piR-30188

Glioblastoma

supressed tumor cell proliferation, invasion and migration and promoted apoptosis by binding to OIP5-AS1

down

[38]

piR-8041

Promoted cells proliferation and inhibited death by interacting with the mRNA MAPK

down

[62]

piR-DQ593109

increased the permeability of the blood-tumor barrier and promoted the delivery of therapeutics into the glioma micro-environment via bindind to MEG3

down

[63]

piR-DQ590027

increased the permeability of glioma-conditioned normal blood-brain barrier and promoted the transport of macromolecular chemotherapeutics into glioma tissues by binding to MIR17HG

down

[64]

piR-39980

Fibrosarcoma

inhibition of cell proliferation via interacting with RRM2

down

[65]

piR-52207

Ovarian cancer

promoted cell proliferation, migration and tumorigenesis by binding to targeted mRNA (NUDT4, MTR, EIF2S3, MPHOSPH8)

up

[66]

piR-33733

Inhibited cells apoptosis by binding to targeted mRNA (ACTR10, PLEKHA5)

up

[66]

piR-017061

Pancreatic cancer

Not clear

down

[67]