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Table 3 The role of piwi proteins in various Cancer

From: The emerging role of the piRNA/piwi complex in cancer

PIWI

Cancer

Expression

Function

Reference

PIWIL1

Lung cancer

up

DNA hypomethylation

[105]

Gastric cancer

up

Regulate signaling pathway of gastric cancer

[106]

Colorectal cancer

up

be used as an important molecular marker for predicting the prognosis of CRC patients

[107]

Renal cell cancer

down

serve as potential prognostic biomarkers in patients with RCC

[103]

Endometrial cancer

up

become a valuable target for developing a novel treatment; DNA methylation

[108, 109]

Invasive ductal carcinoma

up

aberrant DNA methylation

[110]

PIWIL2

glioma

up

correlated with the poor prognosis

[111]

cervical cancer

up

induced H3K9 acetylation but reduced H3K9 trimethylation,

[112]

Non-small cell lung cancer

up

increasing the expression of CDK2 and CyclinA

[113]

Renal cell cancer

down

connected with bad survival

[103]

PIWIL3

Glioma

down

regulate PIWIL3/piR-30,188/OIP5-AS1/miR-367-3p/CEBPA/TRAF4 pathway

[38]

Gastric cancer

up

regulate JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway

[114]

Multiple myeloma

up

involve in MM progression and metastatic

[115]

PIWIL4

Triple-negative breast cancer

up

activating TGF-β, MAPK/ERK, and FGF signaling and avoiding immune recognition

[116]