Fig. 1

Functional implication of ADAR1-mediated A-to-I editing in cancer stem cells. a A-to-I editing in the exon 12 of GLI1 transcript results in coding sequence change from Arg to Gly at position 701, which stabilizes GLI1 protein and enhances cancer stem cell renewal. b A-to-I editing at the 3′ UTR of MDM2 alters the interaction between MDM2 mRNA transcript and miR-155. c A-to-I RNA editing impairs the miRNA biogenesis of tumor suppressor let-7 through altering pre-miRNA secondary structures, leading to escape from let-7-mediated cancer cell death