Fig. 4

Exosomal miR-194-5p promotes repair of the damaged TRCs. a Heatmap of the significantly changed miRNAs in exosomes isolated from irradiated (group B) or unirradiated pancreatic cancer cells (group A). b-c qPCR detection of exosomal miR-194-5p. Exosomes were isolated from either irradiated/unirradiated cells (b) or plasma of PDX tumor-bearing mice (c). d-e Relative colony numbers (top) and representative images (down) of SW1990 cells (d) or SW1990 tet-on cells (e) that were treated as indicated. f Expression of pATM and γH2A.X in PANC-1 cells transfected with miR-194 mimics or mimic NC and subjected to 2Gy radiation. Numbers at the bottom of corresponding bands show a ratio of γH2A.X or pATM levels relative to time 0 after normalization to GAPDH. g Dual luciferase assay to identify E2F3 as the direct target of miR-194-5p in PANC-1 cells. The construction of reporter plasmids was shown in Fig. S9. h Expression of pATM and γH2A.X expression in the indicated PANC-1 cells treated with 2Gy radiation. Numbers are as described in Fig. 4f. i Colony formation assay of SW1990 cells that were treated as indicated. j qPCR analysis of the expression of miR-194-5p (top) and western blot analysis of the expression of HMGA2 (down) in pancreatic cancer cells. k-l Colony formation assay of the indicated SW1990 (k) and PANC-1(l) cells after 10Gy radiation. m Expression of pATM and γH2A.X in the indicated SW1990 cells treated with 2Gy irradiation. Numbers are as described in Fig. 4f. n Colony formation assay of SW1990 cells treated as indicated. Data are presented as mean with SD of at least three independent experiments; ^*p < 0.05; ^**p < 0.01; ^***p < 0.001; NS, not significant from unpaired Student’s t test