Table 1 The biological functions of exosomal ncRNAs in glioma

miR-221

U87MG

SHG-44

Promote proliferation, migration and TMZ resistance

[62]

lncRNA-ATB

Glioma cells

Normal human astrocytes

Promote invasion

[6]

miR-148a

Glioma cells

Glioma cells

Promote proliferation and metastasis

[63]

miR-451/miR-21

Glioma cells

Microglia/macrophages

Promote proliferation and immune suppression

[24]

miR-1587

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Glioma Stem-like Cells

Increase tumorigenicity

[64]

miR-1

Glioblastoma cells

Endothelial cells and glioblastoma cells

Inhibit angiogenesis, invasion, and neurosphere formation

[65]

miR-124

Mesenchymal stem cells

glioblastoma cells

Inhibit proliferation, migration and confer chemosensitivity

[28]

miR-302-367

Glioma stem-like cells

Glioblastoma cells

Inhibit growth

[66]

miR-7

Mesenchymal stem cells

Glioblastoma cells

Increase apoptosis and suppress growth

[30]

miR-584

Mesenchymal stem cells

Glioma cells

Suppress tumor progress

[29]

miR-146b

Marrow stromal cells

Gliosarcoma cells

Reduce glioma growth in vivo

[25]

miR-124a

Mesenchymal stem cells

Glioma stem cell

Antiglioma agent

[31]

miRNA-199a

Mesenchymal stem cells

Glioma cells

Inhibit proliferation, invasion and enhance chemosensitivity

[27]

miR-375

Marrow stromal cells

Glioma cells

Inhibit glioma progression

[26]

lncRNA-HOTAIR

Glioblastoma cells

Endothelial cells

Promote angiogenesis

[49]

lincRNA-CCAT2

Glioma cells

Endothelial cells

Promote angiogenesis

[67]

lincRNA-POU3F3

Glioma cells

Endothelial cells

Promote angiogenesis

[68]

miR- 26a

Glioma stem cells

Endothelial cells

Promote angiogenesis

[69]

miR-21

Glioma stem cells

Endothelial cells

Promotes angiogenesis

[70]

miR-9

Glioma cells

Endothelial cells

Promote tumorigenesis and angiogenesis

[71]

miR-10a, miR-21

Hypoxic glioma cells

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells

Mediate immunosuppressive microenvironments

[72]

miR-29a, miR-92a

Hypoxic glioma cells

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells

Mediate immunosuppressive microenvironments

[73]

miR-1246

Hypoxic glioma cells

Macrophages

Mediate immunosuppressive microenvironment

[74]

miR-21

Glioma cells

Microglia

Mediate immunosuppressive microenvironment

[75]

miR-151a

TMZ-resistant glioblastoma cells

TMZ-sensitive glioblastoma cells

Enhances chemosensitivity to TMZ

[76]

lncRNA-SBF2-AS1

TMZ-resistant glioblastoma cells

Chemoresponsive glioblastoma cells

Enhances chemoresistance to TMZ

[77]

circATP8B4

Radioresistant glioma cells

Normal glioma cells

Promote cell radioresistance

[78]

miR-301a

Hypoxic glioma cells

Normoxia-cultured glioma cells

Promote radiation resistance

[79]

lncRNA-AHIF

Radioresistant glioblastoma cells

Glioblastoma cells

Promote invasion and radioresistance

[48]