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Table 1 The molecule mechanisms of seRNA regulating cancer process

From: Oncogenic seRNA functional activation: a novel mechanism of tumorigenesis

Biological functions

seRNA’s name

Locations

Effects on cancer development

Mechanisms

Ref

EMT

HCCL5

HCC

Exacerbate

Up-regulating Snail, Slug, ZEB1 and Twist1 expression.

[72]

CCAT1-L

Bladder, cervical and ovarian cancer

Exacerbate

Promoting invasion and metastasis.

[73,74,75]

circRNA

HCC

Exacerbate

YY1/p65/p300 complex promotes circRNA transcription.

[76]

Apoptosis

UCA1

NB and GC

Alleviate

Enhancing AMOTp130-YAP and Hippo-YAP activity.

[77, 78]

Autophagy

UCA1

Breast carcinoma

Exacerbate

UCA1-induced Hippo-YAP activity suppresses autophagy.

[79, 80]

LINC01503

SCC

Exacerbate

Accelerating autophagy via activating PI3K/AKT and ERK/p38 MAPK signaling.

[80, 81]

Angiogenesis

circNfix

ATC and RCC

Exacerbate

Activating GSK3β-mediated β-catenin, ANG and AM signaling and up-regulating VEGF.

[76, 82, 83]

UCA1

PDAC

Exacerbate

Enhancing Hippo-YAP activity and YAP-TEAD interaction.

[84]

Immune response

seRNA

CD4+ T and Treg cells

Alleviate

Regulating the T and Treg cells differentiation, maturation.

[85, 86]

seRNA

B cells

Alleviate

Enhancing B cells activation and humoral immunity.

[87,88,89]

seRNA

Macrophages

Alleviate

Driving immunity and enhancing the release of IFN-γ.

[90]

seRNA

IFN-γ

Alleviate

Enhancing function of CD4+ T and NK cells.

[91]

CCAT1

PD-L1

Exacerbate

Up-regulating PD-L1 by activating PI3K/AKT and RAF/MEK/ERK signaling.

[92]

CCAT1

PD-L1, CD47

Exacerbate

Up-regulating PD-L1 and CD47 by inducing MYC.

[93]

ECM

UCA1

GC, CRC, lung and breast cancer

Exacerbate

Up-regulating α–SMA and ECM proteins.

[94, 95]

seRNA

Brest cancers

Exacerbate

Driving CAFs proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation.

[96,97,98]

Oncogene expression

MYC- seRNA

LCLs

Exacerbate

Promoting transcriptional activation of MYC oncogene.

[5]

CCAT1-L

CRC

Exacerbate

Assembling CTCF and up-regulating MYC.

[32]

Cancer cells proliferation

CCAT1

SCC

Exacerbate

Forming CCAT1/TP63/SOX2 complex to activate EGFR-induced RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling.

[24]

TP53- seRNA

Various cancers

Alleviate

Increasing TP53 transcription and inducing cell-cycle arrest.

[99]

  1. HCC hepatocellular carcinoma, AMOT angiomotin, UCA1 urothelial cancer associated 1, NB neuroblastoma, GC gastric cancer, SCC squamous cell carcinoma, ATC anaplastic thyroid carcinoma RCC, renal cell carcinoma, PDAC pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, Treg foxp3+ regulatory T, α–SMA α-smooth muscle actin, LCLs lymphoblastoid cell lines, EMT epithelial-mesenchymal transition, ECM extracellular matrix, YAP yes-associated protein, TAZ transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding domain, EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor, CAFs cancer associated fibroblasts, PI3K phospholipids inositol triphosphate kinase, AKT protein kinase B, MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase, ERK extracellular signal regulated kinase, MEK mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase, CTCF CCCTC-binding factor, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor