From: Mechanism of RNA modification N6-methyladenosine in human cancer
Cancer | Regulator | Role in cancer | Mechanism | Functional classification | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AML | METTL3 | Oncogene | Promote translation of MYC, BCL2 and PTEN | Inhibit differentiation of HSPCs, increase cancer cells growth and inhibit apoptosis | [41] |
AML | METTL14 | Oncogene | Stabilize MYC and MYB | Inhibit differentiation and promote leukemia cells self-renewal | [42] |
AML | WTAP | Oncogene | Target rapamycin (mTOR) expression and PMA | Promote AML cells proliferation and block the differentiation | [43] |
AML | FTO | Oncogene | Destabilize ASB2 and RARA | Promote leukemic oncogene-mediated cells transformation and leukemogenesis | [44] [45] |
Stabilize MYC and CEBPA | Increase proliferation/survival of cancer cells | ||||
AML | YTHDF2 | Oncogene | Stabilize mRNAs like Tal1 | Inhibit HSCs expansion | [46] |
AML | IGF2BP1 | Oncogene | Form LIN28B/let-7/IGF2BP1 signaling axis | Increase leukemia cells growth and metabolism | [47] |
GBM | METTL3 | Oncogene | Upregulate SOX2 | Attenuate differentiation, enhance DNA repair and tumor growth | [48] |
GBM | FTO | Oncogene | Upregulate oncogenes like ADAM19/EPHA3/KLF4 | Promote GSCs growth and self-renewal | [49] |
GBM | ALKBH5 | Oncogene | Promote tumorigenesis by stabilizing FOXM1 mRNA | Sustain tumor cells proliferation program | [50] |
LC | METTL3 | Oncogene | Enhance translation of EGFR and TAZ | Promote growth, survival, and invasion of cancer cells | [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] |
Targeted by miR-33a | Promote the proliferation of NSCLC cells | ||||
Enhance translation of BRD4 via eIF3 | Promotes tumorigenicity | ||||
Promote YAP translation by regulating miR-1914-3p | Induce invasion and metastasis of NSCLC | ||||
Regulate miR-143-3p/VASH1 axis | Induce brain metastasis and angiogenesis | ||||
LC | FTO | Oncogene | Enhance MZF1 expression and stabilize MZF1 transcript | Facilitate cancer cells proliferation and invasion | [56] [57] |
Strengthen the stability of USP7 mRNA | Promote cancer cells growth | ||||
LC | YTHDF2 | Oncogene | Facilitate METTL3-mediated SOCS2 m6A modification | Induce LC cells growth and metastasis | [58] |
LC | IGF2BP1 | Oncogene | Increase SRF stability | Promote tumor cells growth and enhance cells invasion | [59] |
NPC | METTL3 | Oncogene | Stress the ZNF750-FGF14 signaling axis | Promote NPC growth and inhibit cells apoptosis | [60] |
HCC | METTL3 | Oncogene | Promote SOCS2 degradation | Induce HCC cells proliferation, migration, and colony formation | [58] [61] |
Regulate EMT key translator Snail | Activate the migration, invasion and EMT of cancer cells | ||||
HCC | KIAA1429 | Oncogene | Inhibit ID2 mRNA | Facilitate the migration and invasion of cancer cells | [62] [63] |
Induce HuR separation and degrade GATA3 pre-mRNA | Induce the tumor growth and metastasis | ||||
HCC | WTAP | Oncogene | Silence of ETS1 via m6A-HuR-dependent mechanism | Promote the proliferation capability and tumor growth of HCC cells | [64] |
HCC | YTHDF2 | Oncogene | Downregulate miR-145 Facilitate METTL3-mediated SOCS2 m6A modification | Promote proliferation of HCC cells Induce HCC cells proliferation, migration, and colony formation | [65] [58] |
HCC | IGF2BP1 | Oncogene | Increase SRF mRNA stability | Promote tumor cells growth and enhance cells invasion | [59] |
HB | METTL3 | Oncogene | Stabilize CTNNB1 via Wnt/β-catenin pathway | Promote the proliferation of HB | [66] |
CRC | METTL3 | Oncogene | Upregulate lncRNA RP11 | Facilitate the migration, invasion and EMT of CRC cells | [67] [68] [69] [70] |
Maintain SOX2 expression via IGF2BP2 | Sustain CRC cells self-renewal, stem cell frequency and migration | ||||
Regulate miR-1246/SPRED2/ MAPK signaling | Promote the metastasis and migration of CRC cells | ||||
Upregulate CBX8 assisted by IGF2BP1 | Maintain the stemness properties of cancer cells | ||||
CRC | FTO | Oncogene | Downregulate miR-1266 | Promote the proliferation of CRC cells | [71] [72] |
Initiate cellular signaling molecules like STAT3 | NM | ||||
CRC | WTAP | Oncogene | Form WTAP-WT1-TBL1 axis | Inhibit cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and promote cell proliferation | [73] |
CRC | YTHDC2 | Oncogene | Upregulate HIF-1α | Activate cell metastasis | [74] |
CRC | YTHDF1 | Oncogene | Promoted by c-Myc | Promote the proliferation of CRC cells | [75] [76] |
Inhibit Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity | Promote the cell cycle progression and the tumorigenicity of CRC cells | ||||
CRC | IGF2BP1 | Oncogene | Bind CBX8 mRNA and promote CBX8 expression | Maintain the stemness properties of cancer cells | [70] [77] [31] |
IGF2BP2 | Oncogene | Stabilized by lncRNA LINRIS | Promote tumor growth and the aerobic glycolysis in CRC | ||
IGF2BPs | Oncogene | Promote MYC | Promote cell proliferation, colony formation ability, migration and invasion | ||
PDAC | METTL3 | Oncogene | Promote miR-25-3p maturation and activation of AKT-p70S6K | Promote cell proliferation, migration, and invasion | [78] |
PDAC | YTHDF2 | Oncogene | Activate AKT pathway | Promote cell proliferation | [79] |
GC | METTL3 | Oncogene | Enhance HDGF mRNA | Promote proliferation, liver metastasis, tumor angiogenesis and glycolysis in GC | [80] |
GC | ALKBH5 | Oncogene | Decrease methylation of lncRNA NEAT1 | Promote invasion and metastasis of GC | [81] |
BCA | METTL3 | Oncogene | Accelerate pri-miR221/222 maturation | Sustain tumor proliferation of BCA | [82] [83] [84] |
Form AFF4/NF-κB/MYC signaling axis | Promote BCA cell proliferation, invasion, tumorigenicity and survival | ||||
Promote CDCP1 translation | Promote malignant transformation of uroepithelial cells and BCA tumorigenesis | ||||
PCA | YTHDF2 | Oncogene | Target miR-493-3p | Promote PCA cells proliferation and migration | [85] |
PCA | METTL3 | Oncogene | Regulate hedgehog pathway | Facilitate cell proliferation, survival, colony formation, and invasion | [86] |
RCC | WTAP | Oncogene | Enhance CDK2 expression | Enhance cell proliferation abilities | [87] |
CSCC | FTO | Oncogene | Target β-catenin | Promote chemo-radiotherapy resistance of CSCC in vitro and in vivo | [88] [89] |
Promote transcripts of E2F1 and MYC | Facilitate cell proliferation and migration | ||||
BC | METTL3 | Oncogene | Form a positive feedback loop of METTL3/HBXIP/let-7 g | Promote cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis | [90] |
Target BCL-2 | Accelerate the proliferation, inhibit the apoptosis and the tumor growth | [91] | |||
BC | ALKBH5 | Oncogene | Stabilize NANOG and KLF4 | Increase the percentage of BCSCs and phenocopy the effect of hypoxia | [92] |
Oncogene | Target TGFβ1 signaling–associated transcripts | Promote cell growth, invasion, inappropriate cell cycle activity and evasion of apoptosis | [93] | ||
BC | FTO | Oncogene | Target BNIP3 | Promote BC cells proliferation, colony formation and metastasis | [94] |
EOC | METTL3 | Oncogene | Upregulate AXL translation | Increase cellular proliferation, motility, invasion, and tumor formation and promote EMT | [95] |
EOC | ALKBH5 | Oncogene | Target miR-7 and BCL-2 | Promote the proliferation and invasion in vitro and in vivo via inhibiting the autophagy | [96] |
EOC | IGF2BP1 | Oncogene | Sustain the expression of SRF-target oncogenes | Promote tumor cells growth and enhance cell invasion | [59] |
Melanoma | FTO | Oncogene | Target PD-1, CXCR4, SOX10, CTSV2, and NOP16 | Increase tumor growth and decrease response to anti-PD-1 blockade immunotherapy | [97] |
cSCC | METTL3 | Oncogene | Promote â–³Np63 expression | Promote cSCC cell stem-like properties like colony forming ability and tumorigenicity | [98] |
EBV | METTL14 | Oncogene | EBNA3C hijacks METTL14 | Induce proliferation and colony formation of EBV positive cells | [99] |