Fig. 1

PVT1 promotes pancreatic cancer cell resistance to gemcitabine in vitro and in vivo.a After nocodazole treatment for 12 h, the expression level of PVT1 in PANC-1 and SW1990 human pancreatic cancer cell lines and the PANC-1/Gem and SW1990/Gem gemcitabine resistant cell lines was examined by real-time qPCR. b and c PANC-1 cells were treated with gemcitabine at different concentrations and for different durations as indicated. Then, the expression levels of PVT1 were determined. d-g PANC-1/Gem and SW1990/Gem cells with stable PVT1knockdown and PANC-1 and SW1990 cells with stable PVT1 expression were treated with gemcitabine at different concentrations for 48 h, and cell viability was then measured by MTT assay. h PANC-1 cells stably expressing PVT1 were treated with gemcitabine (1 μM) for different durations as indicated, and cell viability was measured by MTT assay. i and j Apoptotic cells among PVT1 overexpressing PANC-1 and ASPC-1 cells treated with gemcitabine were analyzed by TUNEL assay, the number of TUNEL-positive cells was quantified. Scale bars: 100 μm. k and l Representative photographs of tumor-bearing mice in different groups and tumors excised from the mice were shown. m Growth curve showing changes in tumor volume in mice from different groups; growth was assessed every 5 days beginning from the injection and during gemcitabine (50 mg/kg) treatment. n Weight of the tumors excised from mice in each group. o and p Representative H&E staining images and immunohistochemical images of Ki67 in excised tumor tissues. Scale bars: 100 μm. Data were represented as mean ± SD, *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001