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Fig. 3 | Molecular Cancer

Fig. 3

From: Targeting STAT3 in Cancer Immunotherapy

Fig. 3

Targeting STAT3 in combination cancer immunotherapy. a Summary of the key steps in the development of STAT3-targeting therapeutics. The first step in the development of STAT3-targeting therapeutics involves the systematic selection of STAT3 inhibitors (including direct or indirect inhibitors) and STAT3 inhibitors-based combined immunotherapy, and then elucidating the biology and effects of these candidates to cancer using tumor cell lines and patient samples. The next major challenge involves the in vivo model-based validation that these therapeutic candidates must undergo rigorous disease-specific in vivo testing using rodents and non-human primate models. Key challenges in translating STAT3 inhibitors into the clinic are low bioavailability and the lack of specific targeting of the tumor site. b Targeting STAT3 in combination cancer immunotherapy. Targeting STAT3 in combination cancer immunotherapy can not only enhance the anti-tumor effects, but also reduce drug resistance. Besides, combined STAT3 inhibitors with CAR-T cells can reduce excessive expansion of CAR-T cells and alleviate cytokine release syndrome (CRS), resulting in lower occurrence of immune-related adverse effects.

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