Table 1 Summary of current drugs targeting endothelium-dependent angiogenesis and/or Vasculogenic mimicry

 bevacizumab

VEGF

Inhibition

No effect

[206, 207]

 endostatin

Promote apoptosis of endothelial cells

Inhibition

No effect

[208, 209]

 Sunitinib

RTK, VEGF-R1, VEGF-R2, VEGF-R3, PDGFR-β, KIT, FLT-3, RET

Inhibition

No effect

[210, 211]

 gefitinib

EGFR

Inhibition

No effect

[212, 213]

 Galunisertib (LY2157299 monohydrate)

TGF-β1, Akt, Flk

No effect

inhibition

[214]

 Dequalinium (DQA) modified paclitaxel plus ligustrazine micelles

VEGF, MMP2, TGF-β1, E-cadherin

No effect

inhibition

[215]

 Vinorelbine cationic liposomes modified with wheat germ

MMP-2, MMP-9,FAK\PI3K

No effect

inhibition

[216]

 multifunctional targeting epirubicin liposomes

PI3K, MMP-2, MMP-9, FAK, VE-cadherin

No effect

inhibition

[217]

 R 8 modified epirubicin-dihydroartemisinin liposomes

VE-cadherin/TGF-β/ MMP-2 / HIF-1

No effect

Inhibition

[218]

 Tivantinib (ARQ 197)

Vnculin / RhoC

No effect

Inhibition

[219]

 daunorubicin and dioscin codelivery liposomes modified with PFV

MMP-2 / VE-cadherin /TGF-β/HIF-1α

No effect

Inhibition

[220]

 Niclosamide

miR-124 / STAT3

No effect

Inhibition

[221]

 Axitinib

VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, PDGFRβ

inhibition

inhibition

[222, 223]

 Cilengitide

NRP-1, v5 integrin

Inhibition

Inhibition

[224, 225]

 Imatinib

PDGF,VEGF

inhibition

inhibition

[205, 226]

 Trastuzumab

HER2 (VEGF, Cell cycle etc.)

Inhibition

inhibition

[227]

 Entinostat

HADC (Histone deacetylase, (SERPINF1), VEGFA

inhibition

inhibition

[228, 229], [230]

 Verteporfin

YAP, TEAD Ang2, MMP2, VE-cadherin, α-SMA

Inhibition

Inhibition

[231, 232]

 cRGD-functionalized nanoparticles

α_vβ₃

inhibition

inhibition

[233]