Table 2 ATG proteins of mammals in the core machinery of autophagosome formation
Complex | Components | Roles of the proteins in the core machinery |
|---|---|---|
The ULK kinase core complex | ULK1/2 | Protein kinase and recruitment of ATG proteins to the PAS |
ATG13 | ULK-binding protein and linker between ULK1/2 and FIP200 | |
RB1CC1/FIP200 | Scaffold protein for ULK1/2 and ATG13 | |
ATG101 | ATG13-binding protein | |
The class III PI3K complex I | VPS34 | PtdIns 3-kinase catalytic subunit |
VPS15 | Serine/Threonine protein kinase | |
Beclin1 | Component of PtdIns3K complex I and II | |
ATG14L | Component of PtdIns3K complex I | |
The ATG9A/ATG2-WIPI1/2 trafficking system | ATG9A | Transmembrane protein required for autophagosome formation |
WIPI1/2 | PtdIns3P-binding protein | |
ATG2A | Interacts with WIPI1/2 | |
The ATG12-conjugation system | ATG12 | Ubiquitin-like protein conjugated to ATG5 |
ATG7 | E1-like enzyme | |
ATG10 | E2-like enzyme | |
ATG5 | Conjugated by ATG12 | |
ATG16L1 | Interacts with ATG12 and ATG5 | |
The LC3-conjugation system | LC3A-C, GABARAPs, GATE-16 | Ubiquitin-like protein conjugated to PE |
ATG7 | E1-like enzyme | |
ATG3 | E2-like enzyme | |
ATG4A-D | LC3 carboxy-terminal protease, and deconjugating |