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Fig. 4 | Molecular Cancer

Fig. 4

From: Predictive biomarkers and mechanisms underlying resistance to PD1/PD-L1 blockade cancer immunotherapy

Fig. 4

Reduced T cell infiltration leads to drug resistance. The secretion of IL-6, G-CSF, and CXCL1 promotes the migration of tumor-associated neutrophils to tumor tissues and inhibits the entry of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells into the tumor microenvironment, whereas PTEN deletion caused by different mechanism up-regulates VEGF expression, which promotes tumor angiogenesis, leading to impaired perfusion and decreased CD8+ T cell infiltration. Moreover, in some solid tumors, it is difficult for T cells to pass through an immunosuppressive tumor stroma, resulting in resistance to PD-1 blockade

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Molecular Cancer

ISSN: 1476-4598