Table 1 Important features that help in differentiating M1 from M2 macrophages
From: Non-coding RNAs regulation of macrophage polarization in cancer
Factors | M1 Macrophage | M2 Macrophage |
|---|---|---|
Action | Pro-inflammatory, anti-microbial | Anti-inflammatory, Induce extracellular matrix |
Action in tumor-microenvironment | Anti-tumorigenic | Pro-tumorigenic |
Activation | Classical (Th1) | Alternative (Th2) |
Stimuli | IFN-y, LPS, GM-CSF | IL-4, IL-13, M-CSF, Glucocorticoids |
Cytokines and chemokines release | IFN-γ, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β, RANTES (CCL5), CXCL10 | IL-10, IL-13, CCL17, CCL18, CCL22 |
Antigen presentation | Yes | No |
Nitric oxide and ROS production | High | Low |