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Fig. 2 | Molecular Cancer

Fig. 2

From: RNA-based therapies: A cog in the wheel of lung cancer defense

Fig. 2

Common chemical modifications in antisense oligonucleotides and RNA oligonucleotides. Different types of RNA modifications or RNA analogs have been identified and evaluated in antisense mechanisms. A representative structure of dinucleotide is shown with marked positions where oligonucleotides are commonly modified. Commonly used modifications in ASOs consist of sugar modifications, base modifications, phosphate modifications, internucleoside linkage modifications, and conjugates of small or large molecules (as shown in the upper panel). Along with the structural modifications, the therapeutic properties of several key modifications are also highlighted. Specific internal RNA modifications are shown in the lower panel of figure (uridine-to-pseudo uridine and adenosine to-inosine transition are also presented). cEt BNA: (S)-constrained ethyl bicyclic nucleic acid

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