Fig. 1

Advantages of vectorization for delivering cancer therapies. The clinical efficacy of therapeutic molecules (e.g. chemotherapeutic drugs, radionuclides, nucleic acids, antibodies) relies on efficient tumor delivery and limited off-targeting. Nanovectors of different natures (e.g. nanoparticles, extracellular vesicles, viruses) can improve the transport of these molecules in the bloodstream by increasing their solubility, half-life and bioavailability, and by helping the crossing of biological barriers. Tumor delivery is also enhanced by improved targeting of the tumor microenvironment, leading to the accumulation of the therapeutic molecules in the tumors and thus potentiating the use of combination therapies