Regulators | Effectors | Cellular localization | Role |
---|---|---|---|
Writers | Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) | Nucleus | Catalytic subunit of m6A methyltransferase complex |
Methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14) | Nucleus | Catalytic subunit of m6A methyltransferase complex | |
Methyltransferase-like 16 (METTL16) | Nucleus | Independent Methyltransferase | |
Wilms’ tumour 1-associating protein (WTAP) | Nucleus | Enhancer of m6A methylation efficiency of methyltransferase complex | |
RNA binding motifs protein 15 (RBM15) | Nucleus | Facilitates recruitment of methyltransferase complex on target RNA | |
RNA binding motifs protein 15B (RBM15B) | Nucleus | Facilitates recruitment of methyltransferase complex on target RNA | |
Vir-like m6A methyltransferase associated (VIRMA)/KIAA1429 | Nucleus | Scaffolding protein for WTAP, HAKAI and ZC3H13 to facilitate binding with catalytic subunits | |
HAKAI | Nucleus | Facilitates methyltransferase complex RNA binding | |
Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 13 (ZC3H13) | Nucleus | Facilitates methyltransferase complex RNA binding | |
Erasers | Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) | Nucleus | m6A demethylase of mRNAs and lncRNAs or other noncoding RNAs |
AlkB homologue5 (ALKBH5) | Nucleus | m6A demethylase of mRNAs and lncRNAs or other noncoding RNAs | |
AlkB homologue3 (ALKBH3) | Cytoplasm | tRNA-specific m6A demethylase | |
Readers | YTH domain family proteins 1–3 (YTHDF1–3) | Cytoplasm | Facilitates mRNA translation (YTHDF1, YTHDF3) mRNAs degradation (YTHDF2, YTHDF3) |
YTH domain-containing protein 1–2 (YTHDC1–2) | Nucleus (YTHDC1) Cytoplasm (YTHDC2) | Regulates the splicing (YTHDC1) Context-dependent mRNA translation or degradation (YTHDC2) | |
Eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3) | Cytoplasm | Cap-independent mRNA translation | |
Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1–3 (IGF2BP1–3) | Cytoplasm | Protect mRNA transcripts from degradation in stress condition mRNA alternative splicing | |
Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein C (hnRNPC) | Nucleus | Binds and controls processing of nascent RNA | |
Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein A2B1 (hnRNPA2B1) | Nucleus | mRNA splicing and miRNA maturation |