Table 5 Application of sEVs cargo in diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of GC

Diagnosis of GC

miRNA

Plasma

miR-185, miR-20a, miR-210, miR-25, miR-92b

[141]

Protein

Serum

GKN1

[55]

Protein

Serum

MT1-MMP

[142]

miRNA

Serum

miR10b-5p, miR195-5p, miR20a-3p, miR296-5p

[143]

lncRNA

Plasma

CEBPA-AS1

[144]

lncRNA

Serum

HOTTIP

[145]

lncRNA

Serum

GNAQ-6

[146]

miRNA

Serum

miR-200a-3p, miR-296-5p, miR-132-3p, miR-485-3p, miR-22-5p

[147]

miRNA

Plasma

miR-217

[148]

miRNA

Serum

miR-92a-3p

[149]

miRNA

Serum

miR-590-5p

[150]

lncRNA

Serum

pcsk2–2:1

[151]

miRNA

Serum

miR-19b-3p, miR-106a-5p

[152]

lncRNA

Plasma

LINC00152

[153]

lncRNA

Serum

ZFAS1

[65]

Diagnosis of early GC

Protein

gastric juice

BARHL2

[154]

lncRNA

Serum

GC1

[155]

miRNA

Serum

miR-92b-3p, let-7 g-5p, miR-146b-5p, miR-9-5p

[156]

miRNA

Serum

miR-1246

[157]

circRNA

Plasma

circ-0065149

[158]

Diagnosis of early GC and premalignant chronic atrophic gastritis

lncRNA

Plasma

UEGC1

[159]

Distinguish GC patients with various kinds of metastasis

miRNA

Plasma

miR-10b-5p, miR-101-3p, miR-143-5p

[160]

Diagnosis of malignant GC-associated ascites

miRNA

Ascites

miR-181b-5p

[161]

Predict the recurrence risk and prognosis of patients with GC in each stage.

miRNA

Plasma

miR-23b

[162]

Predict the prognosis of patients with GC

miRNA

Serum

miR-423-5p

[61]

miRNA

Serum

miR-451

[119]

lncRNA

Serum

HOTTIP

[145]

circRNA

Plasma

circ-KIAA1244

[163]

circRNA

Plasma

circ-0065149

[158]

circRNA

Plasma

circ-SLC2A12–10:1

[164]

lncRNA

Serum

MIAT

[165]

Predict the prognosis of GC and risk of lymphatic metastasis

lncRNA

Serum

ZFAS1

[65]

Protein

Serum

MT1-MMP

[142]

Correlate with tumour stage, lymphatic and distal metastasis, venous and perineural invasion.

circRNA

Serum

circ-0000419

[166]

Predict postoperative haematogenous metastasis of stage II/III GC

miRNA

Serum

miR-379-5p, miR-410-3p

[167]

Predict the peritoneal metastases

miRNA

Ascites

miR-21-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-223-3p, miR-342-3p

[168]